Unix
What unix is. Unix is a family of operating systems that were designed for multitasking when computers were still giant and very, very expensive. At this time almost nobody owned their own computer and they had to be shared using time sharing. Over the years the Uniz system has evolved and while it is very rare to see something using just Unix anywhere it is still uysed in many system, mainly the GNU/Linux operating system and MacOS
how it came to be:
In the 1970s Bell Labs was a ripe lace for innovation and two men in particular were paving the way to new heights in computer science. These two men were Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson. Unix was meant to take the place of Multics, an earlier opertating system. Multics had hude potential but the problems it had made it a hassle to use. Originally the plan was to fix the problems of Multics without creating something new. But Unix achived much, much more.

The Impact it had:
Unix quickly became the sandard for many machines and influenced many other projects. Including but not limited to: Linux, the GNU project, the free software movement, MacOS and more. Linux and C in particular are the most notable. Linux is a kernel or in other words it is the very core of an opertating system and is based off Unix and the Unix philsophy and is used in almost everything that connects to the internet. It has also been merged with the tools from the GNU project to create GNU/Linux, a desktop operating system t hat is popular for its completely free software and its stability. The C programming language was the first high level programming language meaning that if you wrote code on one machine you could transfer it onto another machine without having to change much. while this is completely normal today back then every different machine had a different way of writing code and you would have to change nearly the entire thing for each machine.

Things that wouldnt exist without unix
the mars curiosity rover used over 2.5 millions lines of C code. The World Wide Web as we know it today wouldnt exist for a much longer time and would most likely be very differnet from the one we know today. Most of the world's supercomputers use Linux. Every andriod product is based off Unix and Linux and so is all the machines at CERN, the worlds largest physics resarching facility.